Working principle of wheel loader

The complete wheel loader is mainly composed of power system, transmission system, working device, working hydraulic system, steering hydraulic system, frame, operating system, braking system, electrical system, cab, cover, air conditioning system, etc. The working principles of the first five systems are described in detail below.

Concise analysis of working principle of wheel loader

1、 Powertrain

The power system of the loader consists of the power source diesel engine and the auxiliary system to ensure the normal operation of the diesel engine, mainly including the diesel engine, fuel tank, throttle control assembly, cooling system, fuel pipeline, etc. The diesel engine completes the normal walking function through the dual variable drive transmission system; Drive the working device to complete the work actions such as shoveling, lifting and tipping by driving the working hydraulic system; Complete the steering action by driving the steering hydraulic system and deflecting the frame.

2、 Drive system

The transmission system is composed of torque converter, transmission, transmission shaft, front and rear drive axles and wheels. Through the automatic adjustment of the output torque and speed by the transmission system, the loader can automatically change the speed and traction force according to the road conditions and the size of the resistance to adapt to the changing conditions. After the gear is engaged, it can automatically change speed steplessly from the start to the maximum speed of the gear, with smooth start and good acceleration performance. In case of gradient or sudden road obstacle, it can automatically decelerate and increase the traction force without shifting gears and drive at any small speed to cross the obstacle. After the external force is reduced, it can automatically increase speed quickly to improve the operation rate. When cutting materials, it can cut into the material pile at a relatively high speed and automatically decelerate with the increase of the positive force to increase the traction force at the wheel edge to ensure the cutting.

The power output from the engine is transmitted to the transmission through the hydraulic torque converter, and the transmission speed will drive the front and rear axles and wheels through the transmission shaft to achieve the function of traveling at a certain speed.

3、 Working device

The working device of the loader is composed of four parts: shovel juice, boom, boom and pull rod. The boom is a single-plate structure, the rear end is supported on the front frame, the end is connected with the bell bucket, and the middle part is connected with the boom cylinder. When the boom cylinder retracts, make the boom rotate around the rear end pin shaft to realize bucket lifting or lowering. The rocker arm is a single rocker arm mechanism, and the middle part is connected with the boom. When the bucket cylinder retracts, the rocker arm rotates around its middle support point, and the bucket rotates up or down through the pull rod.